Amelogenesis Imperfecta
A genetic condition affecting enamel formation, causing thin, soft, or discolored teeth.
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of inherited disorders affecting enamel formation, occurring in approximately 1 in 14,000 people. There are four main types: hypoplastic (thin enamel), hypomaturation (soft, chalky enamel), hypocalcified (poorly calcified, easily worn), and hypomaturation-hypoplasia with taurodontism. AI affects both primary and permanent teeth. Symptoms include sensitivity, discoloration (yellow/brown), rapid wear, and increased cavity susceptibility. Management is lifelong and depends on severity: fluoride and sealants for mild cases, composite restorations for moderate cases, and full-coverage crowns for severe cases. Children with AI require comprehensive dental care from an early age, often involving pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, and orthodontics.