Platelet-Rich Plasma in Dentistry

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) are autologous blood concentrates prepared from the patient's own blood through centrifugation. These preparations contain concentrated platelets, growth factors, and cytokines that accelerate tissue healing and bone regeneration when applied to surgical sites. PRP is prepared by drawing the patient's blood and centrifuging it to separate the platelet-rich layer, which is then activated with calcium chloride and thrombin before application. PRF, developed as a simplified second-generation technique, requires only a single centrifugation step without anticoagulants, producing a fibrin matrix rich in platelets, leukocytes, and growth factors. Growth factors released include platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). These stimulate cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. Clinical applications include socket preservation, sinus lifts, bone grafting, periodontal regeneration, and soft tissue healing. Studies show improved healing outcomes, reduced post-operative pain, and enhanced bone quality when these concentrates are used alongside bone graft materials.